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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent breathing difficulties and airflow limitation. It’s often caused by long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs and airways. The two primary conditions that fall under COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic Bronchitis: This condition involves the inflammation and narrowing of […]

Sinusitis, also known as a sinus infection, is a condition that involves the inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. The sinuses are hollow cavities located in the bones of the face and skull, and they are connected to the nasal passages. Sinusitis can result from various causes, such as infections, allergies, or

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the formation of scar tissue in the liver, which impairs the liver’s ability to function properly. The scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, disrupts blood flow through the liver, and can ultimately lead to liver failure. CAUSE Liver cirrhosis is caused by damage to the liver that

Zenker’s diverticulum, also known as pharyngeal pouch, is a protrusion of the mucosa and submucosa through a weak area in the posterior pharyngeal wall. This condition occurs most commonly in individuals over the age of 50 and is more common in males than females. The exact cause of Zenker’s diverticulum is not fully understood, but

An anal fistula is an abnormal channel that develops between the skin near the anus and the inside of the anal canal. It usually forms as a result of an infection that starts in an anal gland, which then spreads to surrounding tissue and creates a tunnel or tract that may fill with pus or

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. Lymphoma is a cancer of the white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infections and diseases. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common type of lymphoma, accounting for about 90% of all cases.

Foot drop, also known as drop foot, is a condition where a person is unable to lift the front part of their foot due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles that control the foot and ankle. As a result, the foot may drag on the ground or floor when walking, making it difficult to

Tendinitis, is a condition in which the tendons (the fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones) become inflamed, swollen, and painful. It typically occurs as a result of repetitive or overuse of a particular tendon, although it can also be caused by injury, infection, or a systemic inflammatory condition.   SIGN & SYMPTOM The signs

Buerger’s disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a rare disease that affects the blood vessels, particularly those in the arms and legs. It is characterized by inflammation and clotting of the small and medium-sized blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the affected areas.   CAUSE The exact cause of Buerger’s disease, also

Varicose veins are swollen and twisted veins that are usually found just beneath the skin’s surface, most commonly in the legs. They occur when the valves in the veins that help blood flow back to the heart become weak or damaged, causing blood to pool in the veins and stretch them out.  SYMPTOMS OF VARICOSE